Properties of Liquids and solids
When students examine materials in the world around them, they become aware of a wide variety of similarities and differences in the properties of those materials, including how they look, feel, and change. Students will develop their understanding of the properties of materials through investigating familiar liquid and solid materials, including the different ways in which liquids and solids interact and the various uses of liquid and solid materials. When working with liquids and solids, it is important that students do so in a manner that ensures their personal safety and the safety of others. This includes understanding why they should never put any materials in their mouths unless told to do so by the teacher. Students should also understand why they should wash their hands after handling any materials. Connections can also be made with the topic in the following strand – Air and Water in the Environment.
Key words List:
Liquid, Solid, Transparency, Transparent, Translucent, Opaque, Viscosity, High Viscosity, Low Viscosity, Density, High Density, Low Density, Dissolve, Soluble, Absorption
Liquids vs. solids: What the difference?
Transparency
TransparentWhen something is transparent, it allows light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen. Some examples include: clear glass, windows, water, etc.
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TranslucentWhen something is translucent, it allows light, but not detailed images to pass through; it is semitransparent. Some examples include: plastic bags, pocari sweat, apple juice, etc.
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OpaqueWhen something is opaque, it allows no light to pass through. Some examples include: coffee, dark clothing, books, construction paper, etc.
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Viscosity
What is VISCOSITY?!
Viscosity is the rate at which a liquid flows. When comparing two liquids, we can decide which liquid has a HIGH VISCOSITY in comparison to another liquid with a LOW VISCOSITY by seeing which flows more slowly or quickly.
Viscosity is the rate at which a liquid flows. When comparing two liquids, we can decide which liquid has a HIGH VISCOSITY in comparison to another liquid with a LOW VISCOSITY by seeing which flows more slowly or quickly.
Density
What is DENSITY?!
Everything is made up of matter which are tiny atoms floating together. If there are many atoms packed very tightly together, the object is very DENSE. If they are farther apart, it is less dense. If something has a high density, it is less likely to float. If it has a low density, it is more likely to float.
Everything is made up of matter which are tiny atoms floating together. If there are many atoms packed very tightly together, the object is very DENSE. If they are farther apart, it is less dense. If something has a high density, it is less likely to float. If it has a low density, it is more likely to float.
High DensityHigh Density means that the atoms are close together. This means that the material is not likely going to float. For example, honey is dense. It is more dense than water, it will sink below the water and the water will float. Another example of a dense material is a coin. A coin is more dense than water, so it will sink to the bottom!
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low densityLow Density means that the atoms are farther apart from one another so the liquid or solid is more likely to float. For example, oil has a low density which allows it to float on water. Oil and Water both have a lower density than honey, which allows them both to float above it. Objects can have low density too, like a balloon which floats in the air. |
Mixing Liquids and Solids: Dissolving
Some substances dissolve when you mix them with water. When a substance dissolves, it looks like it disappears. But in fact it has just mixed with the water to make a transparent (see-through) liquid called a solution. When you mix sugar with water, the sugar dissolves to make a transparent solution. Salt dissolves in water too. Heat can help some substances dissolve faster in water. Salt, for example, will dissolve quicker in hot water than in cold water.
- substances that dissolve in water are called soluble substances.
- Substances that do not dissolve in water are called insoluble substances.
3 States of Matter |
Learning Goal: We are learning to explain changes in the state of matter.
Success Criteria: I know I am successful when I can...
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Key Words:
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GAsA gas does not have a fixed shape or fixed volume. Since the atoms are very far apart from one another, it is hard to see and we can easily move through it (thinking of walking through air each day).
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liquidA liquid does not have its own shape, but does have a fixed volume. Since the atoms are not as tightly packed as in a solid, that is why we can move through liquid, but with some difficulty (think of swimming).
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SolidA solid has a fixed shape and volume. The atoms with solid matter are tightly packed together, which is why you cannot walk through solid matter.
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evaporation LIQUID -----------> GAS
How does a liquid turn into a gas? ADD HEAT! Examples:
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condensation GAS -----------> LIQUID
How does a gas turn into a liquid? COOL IT DOWN! Examples:
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freezing LIQUID -----------> SOLID
How does a liquid turn into a solid? FREEZE IT! Examples:
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Buoyancy |
Boats, canoes, ships, kayaks, and rafts all have one thing in common- they are used for transport on seas and rivers, because they float. It’s easy to figure out that if they are made out of wood they will float, because wood floats in water. However, when you see a huge cargo ship or a cruise-liner that looks like a floating building on the water, you can’t help but wonder why this massive chunk of metal doesn’t sink. In this part of our unit, students will learn about how the displacement of water, weight, and volume affect whether an object will float or sink.
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Water Displacement
Water displacement is the amount of water which is moved out of the way of the object. It is equal in volume to the object being placed inside the water.
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Weight
Weight is how heavy something is. If the object is heavier than the water is displaces, it will sink. If the displaced water is heavier, the object will float.
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Volume
Volume is the amount of space and object takes up. Volume helps dictate how much water will be displaced and therefore impacts if it will float.
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